CVE-2012-0391
The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception…
- Published
- Updated
- Reserved
- Assigned by
- mitre
Description
The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.
Exploited in the wild
CISA lists this vulnerability in its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog as Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability.
- Added
- 21 Jan 2022
- Fix due (US federal)
- 21 Jul 2022
- Used by ransomware
- Not known
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
Public exploit
A reference of the record is tagged as an exploit or proof of concept: anyone can try it against an unpatched system. CISA's SSVC rates its exploitation: it is being exploited.
- 18329 (opens in a new tab)exploitx_refsource_EXPLOIT-DBx_transferred
Timeline
ID reserved
By mitre
Published
- 10 years later
· 10 years later
Added to CISA KEV
Known exploited in the wild
- 4 years later
· 4 years later
Record updated
Changes after publication (a new score, a public exploit, EPSS crossing 1, 10 or 50 %, leaving KEV) are kept since November 2026; earlier ones are not known.
Scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| CISA-ADPADP (enrichment) | 3.1 | Critical9.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| NVDNVD · Analyzed | 3.1 | Critical9.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
- EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
- 75.6% · top 0.5% of all CVEs (8 Nov 2026)
- CISA SSVC
- Exploitation: active · Automatable: yes · Technical impact: total
The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: Critical 9.8.
Weakness
Affected products
n/a
- affected n/a
Affected packages
From reviewed advisories of the GitHub Advisory Database.
- Mavenorg.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-coreGHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w (opens in a new tab)
- Mavenorg.apache.struts:struts2-coreGHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w (opens in a new tab)
References (8)
- 18329 (opens in a new tab)exploitx_refsource_EXPLOIT-DBx_transferred
- 20120105 SEC Consult SA-20120104-0 :: Multiple critical vulnerabilities in Apache Struts2 (opens in a new tab)mailing-listx_refsource_BUGTRAQx_transferred
- http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/version-notes-2311.html (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/s2-008.html (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- https://www.sec-consult.com/files/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISCx_transferred
- https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-3668 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- 47393 (opens in a new tab)third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIAx_transferred
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2012-0391 (opens in a new tab)government-resource
Sources
The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.
- CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
- CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
- NVD (opens in a new tab)
- CISA KEV catalog (opens in a new tab)
- FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
- OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w (opens in a new tab)
- CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)
Badge for a README or a ticket
[](https://cveledger.app/cve/CVE-2012-0391)Record last updated .