CVE-2015-7225
Tinfoil Devise-two-factor before 2.0.0 does not strictly follow section 5.2 of RFC 6238 and does not "burn" a successfully validated…
- 5.3MediumCVSS base score
- 2.1%Exploitation in 30 daysEPSS · top 19% of all CVEs
- NoKnown exploitednot in CISA's KEV catalog
- NonePublic exploitsnone known yet
Description
Tinfoil Devise-two-factor before 2.0.0 does not strictly follow section 5.2 of RFC 6238 and does not "burn" a successfully validated one-time password (aka OTP), which allows remote or physically proximate attackers with a target user's login credentials to log in as said user by obtaining the OTP through performing a man-in-the-middle attack between the provider and verifier, or shoulder surfing, and replaying the OTP in the current time-step.
Timeline
ID reserved
By mitre
- 24 months later
· 24 months later
Published
- 7 years later
· 7 years later
Record updated
Changes after publication (a new score, a public exploit, EPSS crossing 1, 10 or 50 %, leaving KEV) are kept since November 2026; earlier ones are not known.
Scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| NVDNVD · Modified | 3.0 | Medium5.3 | CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N |
- EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
- 2.1% · top 19% of all CVEs (10 Nov 2026)
The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: Medium 5.3.
Affected products
n/a
- affected n/a
Affected packages
From reviewed advisories of the GitHub Advisory Database.
- RubyGemsdevise-two-factorGHSA-x489-jjwm-52g7 (opens in a new tab)
References
6
- https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/blob/master/UPGRADING.md (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
- [oss-security] 20150917 Re: CVE Request: TOTP Replay Attack in Ruby library (opens in a new tab)mailing-listx_refsource_MLISTx_transferred
- [oss-sercurity] 20150620 CVE Request: MITM & Shoulder-surfing vuln in Ruby OTP/HOTP/TOTP library "ROPT" (opens in a new tab)mailing-listx_refsource_MLISTx_transferred
- 76789 (opens in a new tab)vdb-entryx_refsource_BIDx_transferred
- https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=798466 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISCx_transferred
- https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/issues/45#issuecomment-139335608 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMx_transferred
Sources
The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.
- CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
- CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
- NVD (opens in a new tab)
- FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
- EUVD EUVD-2018-0428 (opens in a new tab)
- OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-x489-jjwm-52g7 (opens in a new tab)
- CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)
Badge for a README or a ticket
[](https://cveledger.app/cve/CVE-2015-7225)Record last updated .