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CVE-2025-21791vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()
- 7.8HighCVSS base score
- 0.27%Exploitation in 30 daysEPSS · top 81% of all CVEs
- NoKnown exploitednot in CISA's KEV catalog
- NonePublic exploitsnone known yet
Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out() l3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held: raw_sendmsg() ip_push_pending_frames() ip_send_skb() ip_local_out() __ip_local_out() l3mdev_ip_out() Add rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock() pair to avoid a potential UAF.
Timeline
ID reserved
By Linux
- 2 months later
· 2 months later
Published
- 20 months later
· 20 months later
Record updated
Changes after publication (a new score, a public exploit, EPSS crossing 1, 10 or 50 %, leaving KEV) are kept since November 2026; earlier ones are not known.
Scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| LinuxCNA (assigner) | 3.1 | High7.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| CISA-ADPADP (enrichment) | 3.1 | High7.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| NVDNVD · Modified | 3.1 | High7.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
- EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
- 0.27% · top 81% of all CVEs (14 Nov 2026)
- CISA SSVC
- Exploitation: none · Automatable: no · Technical impact: total
Loading the EPSS history…
The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: High 7.8.
Affected products
- affected a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – < 6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e
- affected a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – < 20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3b
- affected a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – < 5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6b
- affected a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – < c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3c
- affected a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – < c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6f
- affected a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – < 022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21
- affected a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – < 7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019
- affected a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – < 6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773
- affected 4.9
- unaffected < 4.9
- unaffected 5.4.291 – ≤ 5.4.*
- unaffected 5.10.235 – ≤ 5.10.*
- unaffected 5.15.179 – ≤ 5.15.*
- unaffected 6.1.129 – ≤ 6.1.*
- unaffected 6.6.79 – ≤ 6.6.*
- unaffected 6.12.16 – ≤ 6.12.*
- unaffected 6.13.4 – ≤ 6.13.*
- unaffected 6.14 – ≤ *
References
References11
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e (opens in a new tab)
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3b (opens in a new tab)
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6b (opens in a new tab)
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3c (opens in a new tab)
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6f (opens in a new tab)
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21 (opens in a new tab)
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019 (opens in a new tab)
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773 (opens in a new tab)
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html (opens in a new tab)
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html (opens in a new tab)
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784472.html (opens in a new tab)
Sources
The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.
- CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
- CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
- NVD (opens in a new tab)
- FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
- EUVD EUVD-2025-5134 (opens in a new tab)
- OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
- GitHub Advisories (opens in a new tab)
- CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)
Badge for a README or a ticket
[](https://cveledger.app/cve/CVE-2025-21791)Record last updated .