CVE-2025-2182
PAN-OS: Firewall Clusters using the MACsec Protocol Expose the Connectivity Association Key (CAK)
- 5.6MediumCVSS base score
- 0.13%Exploitation in 30 daysEPSS · top 98% of all CVEs
- NoKnown exploitednot in CISA's KEV catalog
- NonePublic exploitsnone known yet
Description
A problem with the implementation of the MACsec protocol in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® results in the cleartext exposure of the connectivity association key (CAK). This issue is only applicable to PA-7500 Series devices which are in an NGFW cluster. A user who possesses this key can read messages being sent between devices in a NGFW Cluster. There is no impact in non-clustered firewalls or clusters of firewalls that do not enable MACsec.
Timeline
ID reserved
By palo_alto
- 5 months later
· 5 months later
Published
Changes after publication (a new score, a public exploit, EPSS crossing 1, 10 or 50 %, leaving KEV) are kept since November 2026; earlier ones are not known.
Scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| palo_altoCNA (assigner) | 4.0 | Medium5.6 | CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:A/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber |
| NVDNVD · Deferred | 4.0 | Medium5.6 | CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:N/R:A/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber |
- EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
- 0.13% · top 98% of all CVEs (11 Nov 2026)
- CISA SSVC
- Exploitation: none · Automatable: no · Technical impact: partial
The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: Medium 5.6.
Affected products
Palo Alto Networks · Cloud NGFW
- unaffected All – < 3.2.449
- affected 11.2.0 – < 11.2.8
- affected 11.1.0 – < 11.1.10
- unaffected 10.2.0
- unaffected 10.1.0
- unaffected All
Palo Alto Networks · Prisma Access
- unaffected All
What to do
Solution: Version Minor Version Suggested Solution Cloud NGFW No action needed. PAN-OS 11.2 on PA-7500 11.2.0 through 11.2.7 Upgrade to 11.2.8 or later. PAN-OS 11.1 on PA-7500 11.1.0 through 11.1.9 Upgrade to 11.1.10 or later. PAN-OS 10.2 on PA-7500 No action needed.PAN-OS 10.1 on PA-7500 No action needed.PAN-OS on devices other than PA-7500 No action needed.All older unsupported PAN-OS versions Upgrade to a supported fixed version.Prisma Access No action needed.
Workaround: No known workarounds exist for this issue.
Exploitation: Palo Alto Networks is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this issue.
References
References1
Sources
The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.
- CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
- CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
- NVD (opens in a new tab)
- FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
- EUVD EUVD-2025-24617 (opens in a new tab)
- OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
- GitHub Advisories (opens in a new tab)
- CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)
Badge for a README or a ticket
[](https://cveledger.app/cve/CVE-2025-2182)Record last updated .