CVE-2025-32433Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerable to Pre-Authentication RCE
- 10.0CriticalCVSS base score
- 98.9%Exploitation in 30 daysEPSS · top 0.1% of all CVEs
- YesKnown exploitedin CISA's KEV since 9 Jun 2025
- 1Public exploitsMetasploit, Nuclei and Exploit-DB
Description
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.
Exploited in the wild
CISA lists this vulnerability in its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog as Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability.
- Added
- 9 Jun 2025
- Fix due (US federal)
- 30 Jun 2025
- Used by ransomware
- Not known
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
ENISA's EU Vulnerability Database lists it as exploited, from CISA's KEV, since 9 Jun 2025.
Public exploit
An exploit or proof of concept is public: anyone can try it against an unpatched system. The public collections list a Metasploit module for it. A reference of the record is tagged as an exploit. CISA's SSVC rates its exploitation: it is being exploited.
Show the exploits2
Metasploit modules1 module
- Erlang OTP Pre-Auth RCE Scanner and Exploit (Metasploit module) (opens in a new tab)
exploit/linux/ssh/ssh_erlangotp_rceRank excellentdisclosed 16 Apr 2025
References tagged exploit1 reference
Modules, templates and exploits as listed by the Metasploit Framework (BSD-3-Clause), ProjectDiscovery's Nuclei templates (MIT) and the Exploit Database (GPLv2), read once a day. Where the data comes from
Timeline
ID reserved
By GitHub_M
- 8 days later
· 8 days later
Published
- 54 days later
· 54 days later
Added to CISA KEV
Known exploited in the wild
- 9 months later
· 9 months later
Record updated
Changes after publication (a new score, a public exploit, EPSS crossing 1, 10 or 50 %, leaving KEV) are kept since November 2026; earlier ones are not known.
Scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitHub_MCNA (assigner) | 3.1 | Critical10.0 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| NVDNVD · Analyzed | 3.1 | Critical10.0 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H |
- EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
- 98.9% · top 0.1% of all CVEs (13 Nov 2026)
- CISA SSVC
- Exploitation: active · Automatable: yes · Technical impact: total
The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: Critical 10.0.
Affected products
References
References14
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRM
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/16/2 (opens in a new tab)
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/1 (opens in a new tab)
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/2 (opens in a new tab)
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/6 (opens in a new tab)
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/19/1 (opens in a new tab)
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250425-0001/ (opens in a new tab)
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00028.html (opens in a new tab)
- https://github.com/ProDefense/CVE-2025-32433/blob/main/CVE-2025-32433.py (opens in a new tab)exploit
- https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy (opens in a new tab)vendor-advisory
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433 (opens in a new tab)government-resource
Sources
The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.
- CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
- CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
- NVD (opens in a new tab)
- CISA KEV catalog (opens in a new tab)
- FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
- EUVD EUVD-2025-11793 (opens in a new tab)
- OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
- GitHub Advisories (opens in a new tab)
- CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)
Badge for a README or a ticket
[](https://cveledger.app/cve/CVE-2025-32433)Record last updated .