CVE-2025-40169bpf: Reject negative offsets for ALU ops
- 7.8HighCVSS base score
- 0.15%Exploitation in 30 daysEPSS · top 95% of all CVEs
- NoKnown exploitednot in CISA's KEV catalog
- NonePublic exploitsnone known yet
Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Reject negative offsets for ALU ops When verifying BPF programs, the check_alu_op() function validates instructions with ALU operations. The 'offset' field in these instructions is a signed 16-bit integer. The existing check 'insn->off > 1' was intended to ensure the offset is either 0, or 1 for BPF_MOD/BPF_DIV. However, because 'insn->off' is signed, this check incorrectly accepts all negative values (e.g., -1). This commit tightens the validation by changing the condition to '(insn->off != 0 && insn->off != 1)'. This ensures that any value other than the explicitly permitted 0 and 1 is rejected, hardening the verifier against malformed BPF programs.
Timeline
ID reserved
By Linux
- 7 months later
· 7 months later
Published
- 11 months later
· 11 months later
Record updated
Changes after publication (a new score, a public exploit, EPSS crossing 1, 10 or 50 %, leaving KEV) are kept since November 2026; earlier ones are not known.
Scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| LinuxCNA (assigner) | 3.1 | High7.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| NVDNVD · Deferred | 3.1 | High7.8 | CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
- EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
- 0.15% · top 95% of all CVEs (14 Nov 2026)
- CISA SSVC
- Exploitation: none · Automatable: no · Technical impact: total
The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: High 7.8.
Affected products
- affected ec0e2da95f72d4a46050a4d994e4fe471474fd80 – < 3bce44b344040e5eef3d64d38b157c15304c0aab
- affected ec0e2da95f72d4a46050a4d994e4fe471474fd80 – < 5017c302ca4b2a45149ad64e058fa2d5623c068f
- affected ec0e2da95f72d4a46050a4d994e4fe471474fd80 – < 21167bf70dbe400563e189ac632258d35eda38b5
- affected ec0e2da95f72d4a46050a4d994e4fe471474fd80 – < 55c0ced59fe17dee34e9dfd5f7be63cbab207758
- affected 6.6
- unaffected < 6.6
- unaffected 6.6.112 – ≤ 6.6.*
- unaffected 6.12.53 – ≤ 6.12.*
- unaffected 6.17.3 – ≤ 6.17.*
- unaffected 6.18 – ≤ *
References
References4
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3bce44b344040e5eef3d64d38b157c15304c0aab (opens in a new tab)
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5017c302ca4b2a45149ad64e058fa2d5623c068f (opens in a new tab)
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21167bf70dbe400563e189ac632258d35eda38b5 (opens in a new tab)
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/55c0ced59fe17dee34e9dfd5f7be63cbab207758 (opens in a new tab)
Sources
The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.
- CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
- CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
- NVD (opens in a new tab)
- FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
- EUVD EUVD-2025-124914 (opens in a new tab)
- OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
- GitHub Advisories (opens in a new tab)
- CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)
Badge for a README or a ticket
[](https://cveledger.app/cve/CVE-2025-40169)Record last updated .