CVE-2025-55003OpenBao Login MFA Bypasses Rate Limiting and TOTP Token Reuse
- 5.7MediumCVSS base score
- 0.29%Exploitation in 30 daysEPSS · top 78% of all CVEs
- NoKnown exploitednot in CISA's KEV catalog
- NonePublic exploitsnone known yet
Description
OpenBao exists to provide a software solution to manage, store, and distribute sensitive data including secrets, certificates, and keys. In versions 2.3.1 and below, OpenBao's Login Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) system allows enforcing MFA using Time-based One Time Password (TOTP). Due to normalization applied by the underlying TOTP library, codes were accepted which could contain whitespace; this whitespace could bypass internal rate limiting of the MFA method and allow reuse of existing MFA codes. This issue was fixed in version 2.3.2. To work around this, use of rate-limiting quotas can limit an attacker's ability to exploit this: https://openbao.org/api-docs/system/rate-limit-quotas/.
Timeline
ID reserved
By GitHub_M
- 5 days later
· 5 days later
Published
- 2 days later
· 2 days later
Record updated
Changes after publication (a new score, a public exploit, EPSS crossing 1, 10 or 50 %, leaving KEV) are kept since November 2026; earlier ones are not known.
Scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitHub_MCNA (assigner) | 3.1 | Medium5.7 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N |
| NVDNVD · Analyzed | 3.1 | Medium5.7 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N |
- EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
- 0.29% · top 78% of all CVEs (15 Nov 2026)
- CISA SSVC
- Exploitation: none · Automatable: no · Technical impact: partial
The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: Medium 5.7.
Affected products
Affected packages
From reviewed advisories of the GitHub Advisory Database.
- Gogithub.com/openbao/openbaoGHSA-rxp7-9q75-vj3p (opens in a new tab)
References
References3
- https://github.com/openbao/openbao/security/advisories/GHSA-rxp7-9q75-vj3p (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRM
- https://github.com/openbao/openbao/commit/8340a6918f6c41d8f75b6c3845c376d9dc32ed19 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
- https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-19-vault-login-mfa-bypass-of-rate-limiting-and-totp-token-reuse/76038 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
Sources
The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.
- CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
- CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
- NVD (opens in a new tab)
- FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
- EUVD EUVD-2025-24032 (opens in a new tab)
- OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-rxp7-9q75-vj3p (opens in a new tab)
- CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)
Badge for a README or a ticket
[](https://cveledger.app/cve/CVE-2025-55003)Record last updated .