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CVE-2025-71409No Authentication for Very High Frequency Data Link messages used in CPDLC

Description

Lack of authentication for Very High Frequency Data Link messages allows rogue ground stations to inject CPDLC messages leading to unexpected or misleading clearances and potential pilot confusion. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency.

Timeline

  1. ID reserved

    By icscert

  2. · 3 days later

    Published

  3. · 3 days later

    Record updated

Changes after publication (a new score, a public exploit, EPSS crossing 1, 10 or 50 %, leaving KEV) are kept since November 2026; earlier ones are not known.

Scores

CVSS scores of CVE-2025-71409, by who scored it
Scored byCVSSScoreVector
icscertCNA (assigner)4.0High7.1CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:L
icscertCNA (assigner)3.1High7.1CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L
NVDNVD · Deferred4.0High7.1CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
0.33% · top 74% of all CVEs (14 Nov 2026)
CISA SSVC
Exploitation: none · Automatable: no · Technical impact: partial
Loading the EPSS history…

The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: High 7.1.

Affected products

What to do

Workaround: These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.

Workaround: Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

References

References1

Sources

The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.

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Record last updated .