CVE-2026-40342Firebird: Path Traversal + Arbitrary File Write Leads to Remote Code Execution
- 10.0CriticalCVSS base score
- 0.69%Exploitation in 30 daysEPSS · top 47% of all CVEs
- NoKnown exploitednot in CISA's KEV catalog
- NonePublic exploitsnone known yet
Description
Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.
Timeline
ID reserved
By GitHub_M
- 7 days later
· 7 days later
Published
- 5 days later
· 5 days later
Record updated
Changes after publication (a new score, a public exploit, EPSS crossing 1, 10 or 50 %, leaving KEV) are kept since November 2026; earlier ones are not known.
Scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitHub_MCNA (assigner) | 3.1 | Critical10.0 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| NVDNVD · Analyzed | 3.1 | Critical9.9 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H |
- EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
- 0.69% · top 47% of all CVEs (12 Nov 2026)
- CISA SSVC
- Exploitation: none · Automatable: no · Technical impact: total
The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: Critical 10.0.
Affected products
- affected < 3.0.14
- affected >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.7
- affected >= 5.0.0, < 5.0.4
References
References4
- https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRM
- https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
Sources
The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.
- CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
- CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
- NVD (opens in a new tab)
- FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
- EUVD EUVD-2026-23496 (opens in a new tab)
- OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
- GitHub Advisories (opens in a new tab)
- CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)
Badge for a README or a ticket
[](https://cveledger.app/cve/CVE-2026-40342)Record last updated .