CVE-2026-46403
Klever-Go KVM read-only execution can commit contract delete and upgrade side effects
- 6.3MediumCVSS base score
- 0.48%Exploitation in 30 daysEPSS · top 58% of all CVEs
- NoKnown exploitednot in CISA's KEV catalog
- YesPublic exploitsa reference or SSVC says so
Description
Klever-Go is the Go implementation of the Klever blockchain protocol. Prior to 1.7.17, KVM exposes `ExecuteReadOnlyWithTypedArguments` as a read-only execution mechanism. The hook saves the previous read-only state, sets `runtime.SetReadOnly(true)`, executes the destination context, and then restores the previous read-only state. However, the indirect contract delete and upgrade paths do not reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. As a result, a contract reached through read-only execution can call the production delete hook for a target contract it owns. The delete path appends the target address to `vmOutput.DeletedAccounts`, the output context merges `DeletedAccounts` into the caller output, and the smart contract processor later processes the VM output by deleting accounts listed in that field. The root cause is that read-only mode is applied as runtime state, but not enforced by the state-changing delete and upgrade host-core paths. This breaks the expected isolation boundary for workflows that rely on read-only calls to inspect another contract without allowing that callee to produce state-changing VM output. The issue is fixed in v1.7.17. Contract delete and upgrade host-core paths now reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. The invariant is regression-tested for delete, upgrade, storage writes, value transfers, and any VM output field that can later mutate chain state.
Public exploit
An exploit or proof of concept is public: anyone can try it against an unpatched system. A reference of the record is tagged as an exploit. CISA's SSVC rates its exploitation: a proof of concept is public.
Show the exploits1
References tagged exploit1 reference
- https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/security/advisories/GHSA-jc6w-wmfc-fh33 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMexploit
Timeline
ID reserved
By GitHub_M
- 2 months later
· 2 months later
Published
- 1 day later
· 1 day later
Record updated
Changes after publication (a new score, a public exploit, EPSS crossing 1, 10 or 50 %, leaving KEV) are kept since November 2026; earlier ones are not known.
Scores
| Scored by | CVSS | Score | Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitHub_MCNA (assigner) | 3.1 | Medium6.3 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N |
| NVDNVD · Deferred | 3.1 | Medium6.3 | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N |
- EPSS (exploitation in 30 days)
- 0.48% · top 58% of all CVEs (12 Nov 2026)
- CISA SSVC
- Exploitation: poc · Automatable: no · Technical impact: partial
The list uses the assigner's score when there is one, then CISA's, then NVD's: Medium 6.3.
Affected products
Affected packages
From reviewed advisories of the GitHub Advisory Database.
- Gogithub.com/klever-io/klever-goGHSA-jc6w-wmfc-fh33 (opens in a new tab)
References
References3
- https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/security/advisories/GHSA-jc6w-wmfc-fh33 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_CONFIRMexploit
- https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/333f6ec910906e227705fc5767dc897d8fbfc862 (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/klever-io/klever-go/commit/68b94a40824fac2d848a4ded6eb7c91ada6ce9ef (opens in a new tab)x_refsource_MISC
Sources
The same CVE in the primary databases and aggregators, to check against.
- CVE.org record (opens in a new tab)
- CVE List JSON (GitHub) (opens in a new tab)
- NVD (opens in a new tab)
- FIRST EPSS (opens in a new tab)
- EUVD EUVD-2026-46390 (opens in a new tab)
- OSV.dev (opens in a new tab)
- GitHub Advisory GHSA-jc6w-wmfc-fh33 (opens in a new tab)
- CIRCL Vulnerability-Lookup (opens in a new tab)
Badge for a README or a ticket
[](https://cveledger.app/cve/CVE-2026-46403)Record last updated .